Fluency Accuracy and Automaticity: Assessment and Norms

Accuracy

Calculation: Total number of words read correctly divided by total words read (correct or corrected plus uncorrected errors).

Example: 137 words read correctly/ 145 total words read (137 correct + 8 uncorrected errors) = 94.5% correct.

Interpretation: *wcpm=words correct per minute

99% Correct: Independent level reading
95% Correct: Instructional level reading
90% Correct: Frustration level reading

Automaticity/Fluency Rate Norms

Grade 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8	Fall 53 79 99 105 115 147 156	Winter 78 93 112 118 132 158 167	Spring 60 wcpm 94 114 118 128 145 167 171

Procedure

Have students read orally for one minute from curriculum material at their grade level. Ask students to read in their normal manner, not overly fast or slow. Administer reading probes at least three times per year (for example, beginning of school year, and then quarterly).

Scoring: Count number of words read correctly in the one-minute period. Include errors corrected in the one-minute period.

Analysis and Interpretation: Students reading significantly below stated norms (20% or more below norms) are at risk in reading decoding and/or fluency and should be considered for further assessment and diagnosis, as well as intensive intervention/remediation program.

Sources

Rasinski, T. (2006). Creating Fluent Readers From Phonics to Fluency: Strategies for Achieving Reading Proficiency! Peterborough, NH: SDE

Adapted from: Hasbrouck, J.E. & Tindal, G. (1992). Curriculum-based oral reading fluency norms for students in Grades 2 through 5. Teaching Exceptional Children. (Spring), 41–44. and Howe, K.B. & Shinn, M.M. (2001). Standard reading assessment passages (RAPS) for use in general outcome measurements: A manual describing development and technical features. Eden Prairie, MN: Edformations.

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